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At the time of the annexation of the southern part of Tyrol by Italy in 1919, the overwhelming majority of the population spoke German: In 1910, according to the last population census before World War I, the German-speaking population numbered 224,000, the Ladin 9,000 and the Italian 7,000.
During the Fascist regime under Mussolini, an Italianization campaign aimed at implementing Italian throughout the province, including in schools, universities and the press.
Following a long struggle of the German-speaking Tyrolian population, which culminated in Austria taking the issue to the United Nations in 1960, Italy and Austria officially ended their dispute with an autonomy agreement in 1992.
Today both Italian and German have the status of co-official languages in the province of Bolzano-Bozen.
Ladin is the additional official language in some municipalities.
According to the census of 2001, 103 out of 116 communes have a majority of German native speakers, 8 of Ladin speakers and 5 of Italian.
The linguistic breakdown according to the census of 2001: .
The Italian-speaking minority is mainly based around the city of Bolzano, where they are the majority (73% of the population).
It has mainly immigrated from the south after 1922.
There are other four comuni where the Italian-speaking population is the majority are Laives, Salorno, Bronzolo and Vadena.
Eight comuni are Ladin majority: La Val, Badia, Corvara in Badia, Marebbe, San Martino in Badia, Santa Cristina Val Gardena, Selva di Val Gardena, Ortisei).
Source: CIA Factbook, Wikipedia
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