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Geography
Geography
The Province of Bolzano-Bozen is located at the northernmost point in Italy.
The province is bordered by Austria to the east and north, specifically by the Austrian Bundesländer (states) North Tyrol and East Tyrol, with which it formed a historical entity until 1918, and by Switzerland to the west.
The Italian provinces of Belluno, Trento, and Sondrio border to the southeast, south, and southwest, respectively.
The landscape itself is mostly cultivated with different types of shrubs and forests.
Climate
The climate is very similar to the Austrian Tyrol's climate.
It may be divided in five distinct groups: .
The Etsch valley area, with cold winters (24-h averages in January of about 0°C) and hot summers (24-h averages in July of about 23°C), usually classified as Humid subtropical climate - Cfa.
It’s the driest and sunniest climate of the province.
Main cities in this area: Bolzano, Neumarkt.
The midlands between 300 and 900 meters, with cold winters (24-h averages in January between minus 3°C and plus 1°C) and mild summers (24-h averages in July between 15°C and 21°C); This is a typical Oceanic climate, classified as Cfb.
It’s usually wetter than the subtropical climate, and very snowy during the winters.
During the spring and the fall, there is a large foggy season, but fog may occur even during the summer’s mornings.
Main towns in this area: Merano, Bruneck, Sterzing, Brixen.
Near the lakes in higher lands (between 1000 and 1400 meters) the humidity may make the climate in these regions milder during the winters, but also cooler during the summers, then, may occur a Subpolar oceanic climate, Cfc.
The alpine valleys between 900 and 1400 meters, with a typically Humid continental climate – Dfb, covering the largest part of the province.
The winters are usually very cold (24-h averages in January between minus 8°C and minus 3°C), and the summers, mild with averages between 14 and 19°C.
It’s a very snowy climate, snow may occur since early October until April or even May.
Main municipalities in this area: Ortisei, Badia, Sexten, Toblach, Stilfs, Vöran, Mühlwald.
The alpine valleys between 1400 and 1700 meters, with a Subarctic climate – Dfc, with harsh winters (24-h averages in January between minus 9°C and minus 5°C) and cool, short, rainy and foggy summers (24-h averages in July of about 12°C).
These areas usually have five months below the freezing point, and snow sometimes occur even during the summer, in September.
This climate is the wettest of the province, with large rainfalls during the summer, heavy snowfalls during spring and fall.
The winter is usually a little drier, marked by freezing and dry weeks, although not sufficiently dry to be classified as a Dwc climate.
Main municipalities in this area: Corvara, Sëlva, Santa Crestina Gherdëina.
The highlands above 1700 meters, with an alpine Tundra climate, ET, which becomes an Eternal-Frost climate, EF above 3000 meters.
The winters are cold, but sometimes not as cold as the higher valleys winters.
In January, most of the areas at 2000 meters have an average temperature of about minus 5°C, while in the valleys at about 1600 meters, the mean temperature may be as low as minus 8 or minus 9°C.
The higher lands, above 3000 meters are usually extremely cold, with averages of about minus 14°C during the coldest month, January.
Mountains
Entirely located in the Alps, the province's landscape is dominated by mountains.
The highest peak is the Ortler (3,905 m) in the far west, which is also the highest peak in the Eastern Alps outside the Bernina range.
More famous even are the craggy peaks of the Dolomites in the eastern part of the region.
The following mountain groups are (partially) in Bolzano-Bozen.
All but the Sarntal Alps are on the border with Austria, Switzerland, or other Italian provinces.
The ranges are clockwise from the west and for each the highest peak is given that is within the province or on its border.
Source: CIA Factbook, Wikipedia
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